Since the beginning of civilization, people have sought answers to the questions of who becomes a leader and why. Theory x is an authoritarian style where the emphasis is on productivity, on the. The relationship between mcgregors xy theory management style and fulfillment of psychological. Authoritarian leadership, a powerful leadership style toolshero. This academic evaluation examines recent theoretical developments in the study of educational leadership in school management. Mc gregors theory x and y are still applicable in todays leadership styles. Pdf the paper aims at detecting relations between participative management and rewarding strategies as well as employees job satisfaction. Authoritarian leadership style is present in many organizations. Usually, the decision making of aut horitarian leader is not very creative. The theory of totalitarian leadership amor mundi medium. Authoritarian leadership, also known as autocratic leadership, is a management style in which an individual has total decisionmaking power and absolute control over his subordinates. Regression analyses show that authoritarian leadership has a positive relationship with employee silence behaviour. Power sharing and leadership dynamics in authoritarian regimes milan w.
One of the most intriguing expressions of human behavior is the leaderfollower phenomenon. Modern organizational theory views authoritarian management as a. These theories are more concern about the ownership of the media and who controls the press or media in the country. She supervises 21 enlisted personnel who perform a variety. Philosophers, political scientists, and psychologists have. People with an authoritarian leadership style make decisions without consulting anyone else on the team.
We provide details of empirical evidence from direct tests of the theory that focus on four aspects of extremism. She has been on active duty for a year and in her present job for 10 months. However, the definition of democratic leadership is unclear gastil, 1994. An autocratic leader will not listen to the ideas of her subordinates and will make all highlevel decisions on her own.
It is the theory which was almost automatically adopted by most countries when society and technology became sufficiently developed to produce what today we call the mass media of. Authoritarian leadership is a leadership style in which, without accepting participation, the authoritarian leader makes all the decisions themselves and delegates the tasks. Mar 06, 2016 authoritarian leadership is a leadership style in which the leader dictates and controls all decisions in the group and task. Successful instructional leadership styles in education gina smith, grand canyon university maria minor, kaplan university henry brashen, clear and effective communications kristie remaly, walden university abstract the purpose of this research study was to explore the dominant leadership styles of online college instructors. This style is necessary within organizations and companies that demand errorfree outcomes. A critique of the autocratic leadership style reveals that it brings forth some advantages such as getting things done quickly and extracting more work from employees without putting them under stress.
As with any leadership style, those practicing the authoritarian leadership style bring a series of advantages and disadvantages worth considering. This study further proposes that the effect of authoritarian leadership on lmx is stronger when a subordinate has less dependence on a leader. Oct 15, 2018 also known as the authoritarian leadership theory, the autocratic leadership theory involves taking charge of the group in the same way a dictator might take control of a country. Negative reinforcement and punishment are often used to enforce rules. Leadership and leadership development in health care. The authoritarian leadership style in africa has led to political instability, increased poverty, unemployment, low living standards, and little or no economic growth. This is followed by an examination of the theories of leadership, principles and styles of leadership. After reading this article, you will understand the basics of this powerful leadership style. Dyczkowska et al democratic or autocratic leadership style 194 that smes, which generate 70. Lewins study found that participative leadership, also known as democratic leadership, is generally the most effective leadership style. Part 1 focuses on authoritarian, or dictator leadership. The next section of the chapter is devoted to an account of the characteristics that a. Jul 26, 2016 the core characteristics of autocratic leadership. Successful instructional leadership styles in education.
In this article, we first summarize the most important theories, constructs, and processes in the body of knowledge regarding leadership. Normative theories are more focused in the relationship between press and the government than press and the audience. Using social exchange theory and power dependence theory, this study proposes that authoritarian leadership negatively influences task performance through leadermember exchange lmx. Authoritarians are necessary to control the media to protect and prevent the people from the national threats through any form communication information or. Leadership styles and frameworks you should know verywell mind. To explore the impact of the autocratic leadership style, the. Aug 04, 2017 the authoritarian style was first described by psychologist kurt lewin in a study that identified three key styles of leadership. The autocratic approach can be a good one when the situation calls for rapid decisions and decisive actions. Influence of autocratic leadership style on the job. It then discusses another way of categorizing leadership styles, based on the leadership grid, and explores the view that a leader needs to use different styles in different situations. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
Chief librarians that autocratic leadership style, no matter the colour it is painted remains a leadership style that. Leadership is exercised when persons mobilize institutional, political, psychological, and other resources so as to arouse, engage, and satisfy the motives of followers. Based on this, no sampling of this population was carried out. Autocratic leadership also known as authoritarian leadership relies primarily on the use of authority in groups and in organizations goethals, 2004. Followers are no t allowed to participate in the process of decisionm aking. Autocratic leaders typically make choices based on their own ideas and judgments and rarely accept advice from followers. An authoritarian leadership style is exemplified when a leader dictates policies and procedures, decides what goals are to be achieved, and directs and controls all activities without any meaningful participation by the subordinates. Authoritarian leadership is a now outdated form of management that, especially in recent decades, is sure to create a lot of resistance among employees. In 1960, douglas mcgregor developed a leadership theory mcgregor theory x and theory y about organization and management in which he represented two opposing perceptions about people. Of the four theories of the relation of the press to society or to government, the authoritarian has been most pervasive both historically and geographically. The lessons of exemplary models for democratic governance sanghan choi florida atlantic university since leadership plays a vital role in democratic movements, understanding the nature of democratic leadership is essential. Autocratic leadership style unl digital commons university of. Instrumental leadership has a negative influence on effectiveness in small organizations. The effect of participative leadership style on the.
Both theories are total contradictory with each other because both have a different perspective. Such leadership, as a style of exercising formal authority and position power, may inhibit employees extrarole behaviors in the hierarchical role structure. Presented here are four major theories behind the functioning of the worlds presses. We draw from theories of motivation and personenvironment fit to explain the mediating roles of psychological safety and organizationbased selfesteem, and the moderating effects of power distance orientation.
Power sharing and leadership dynamics in authoritarian regimes. Often referred to as autocratic leadership, authoritarian leadership is about control, organisation and discipline and while it still has a place in the leaders toolbox, it was regarded as the most prominent style almost one hundred years ago. An authoritarian leader makes decisions on policies, procedures and group objectives with little or no input from his or her team members or followers. Nowadays there are many leadership theories and have different perspective and suggestion. Researchers of this study categorized leadership styles into three main styles of leadership, which helped to organize the observations into more simplified data. Authoritarian system encyclopedia of life support systems. Although controversial and authoritarian, ailes is an accomplished executive who redefined news broadcasting for the 21st century through his autocratic leadership style.
Authoritarian leadership this series of four articles will explore four different leadership styles and how the style can affect a group in accomplishing a goal. Authoritarian leadership is best applied to situations where there is little time for group. Authoritarian leaders make unilateral decisions and prevail over subordinates. Mediation analyses show that both psychological safety and organizationbased selfesteem partially mediate the relationship between authoritarian leadership and employee silence. I authoritarian system robert bedeski encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 1. Theory x management style generally get poor results compare with managers use theory y, which produces better performance and results, and allows people to grow and develop. Like other leadership styles, the autocratic style has both some benefits and some weaknesses. You might say it is a request that induces compliance or obedience. Svolik university of illinois i examine a fundamental problem of politics in authoritarian regimes.
An autocratic leader will not listen to the ideas of her subordinates and. To do so, it adopted a comparative study design, comparing the development of the republic of singapore under authoritarian. The authoritarian or autocratic leadership style is demonstrated when a leader makes all decisions without considering input from staff. Authoritarians are necessary to control the media to protect and prevent the people from the national threats through any form communication information or news. Autocratic leadership, also known as authoritarian leadership, is a leadership style characterized by individual control over all decisions and little input from group members. The authoritarian style was first described by psychologist kurt lewin in a study that identified three key styles of leadership. Conversely, laissezfaire leadership is a style in which the leader provides little or no direction or supervision, and prefers to take a handsoff approach. In this guide, we will examine the main concepts behind authoritarian leadership and study the core characteristics of the style and the leaders. This compliance is almost automatic, we really dont think much about it, we just do it for example, if you are driving and a police officer pulls you over and asks see. This study sought to determine the influence of authoritarian leadership on social, economic and political development. The english monarchs used this approach when the printing press was invented by censoring, licensing, taxation and making laws. List of the advantages of authoritarian leadership 1.
The lessons of exemplary models for democratic governance sanghan choi. Authoritarian theory of mass communication businesstopia. As a term, it refers to a set of economicpolitical systems describing themselves as socialist and rejecting the liberal democratic concepts of multiparty politics, freedom of assembly, habeas corpus and freedom of expression. Jan 06, 2018 authoritarian theory of mass communication originated from the philosophy of plato 407327 b. Hannah arendt answered all these questions, yet her theory of totalitarian leadership is among the. People who abuse an autocratic leadership style are often viewed. Mcgregors xy theory is a natural rule for managing people.
Leadership is the ability to move a group towards a common goal that would not be. I have chosen two theories to discuss in this paper that is autocratic leadership theory the transformational leadership theory. The children were then led in an arts and crafts project while researchers observed the behavior of children in response to the different styles of leadership. This article describes the theory x and theory y of douglas mcgregor. Mcgregors ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people. The present study investigates the mediating role of perceived organizational support on the relationship between leadership styles paternalistic, participative and authoritarian leadership and. In the study, schoolchildren were assigned to one of three groups with an authoritarian, democratic or laissezfair leader. The four theories of the pressmedia authoritarian theory libertarian theory social responsibility theory. A critique of the autocratic leadership style characteristics.
There is an expectation that they will be followed all the time. Because knowledge is seen as power, critical information may be withheld from the team. After reading you will understand the background and the practical basics of these leadership styles what is theory x and theory y. Nov 25, 2014 autocratic leadership is vital in many workplace environments. According to nworgu 2006 the group of items to which the study relates i. Feb 12, 2017 the theory of totalitarian leadership. Dec 30, 2015 authoritarian leadership, also known as autocratic leadership, is a management style in which an individual has total decisionmaking power and absolute control over his subordinates. This leader will check and punish their employees more severely and quickly. The democratic leadershipstyle, contrary to the authoritarian one, resembles a two way.
Also known as the authoritarian leadership theory, the autocratic leadership theory involves taking charge of the group in the same way a dictator might take control of a country. Authoritarian socialism, or socialism from above, is an economic and political system supporting some form of socialist economics while rejecting political liberalism. My rationale is based on the fact that the assumptions of the leader on the part of the employee who is in the category of theory x reflects the total mental make up of an individual. Lastly, wanjala 2014 found out that the leadership style of a manager path goal leadership styles affects the employee job performance either negatively or positively. Main theories that emerged during 20th century include. Authoritarian, or autocratic, leadership tends to be viewed rather negatively, even though it is among the most common leadership styles in the business world. Often referred to as autocratic leadership, authoritarian leadership is about control, organisation and discipline and while it still has a place in the leader s toolbox, it was regarded as the most prominent style almost one hundred years ago. The images are directly translated into the world of leadership, even though authoritarian leadership can have much to offer. This article explains authoritarian leadership in a practical way. This leadership style can be problematic when overused because it can come off as domineering and tyrannical. It begins with a concise overview of the meaning and concept of leadership in terms of research, theory, and practice. Authoritarian leadership is best applied to situations where there is little time for group decisionmaking or where the leader is the most knowledgeable member of the group. Lewins study found that participative leadership, also known as democratic leadership, is generally the most effective leadership.
Authoritarian theory describe that all forms of communications are under the control of the governing elite or authorities or influential bureaucrats. Introduction authoritarianism is a theory and a system of government customarily linked with dictatorship, in contrast to democracy. Leadership is the influence increment over and above mechanical compliance with the routine directives of the organization. Such a leader has full control of the team, leaving low autonomy within the group.